Gothic Cathedral Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gothic Cathedral - Research Paper Example The trademark engineering components of the Gothic Cathedral are the rib vault, pointed curve, flying support, and enormous windows and ornamental highlights. The rib vault speaks to the best advancement of Gothic engineering. As the medieval bricklayers turned out to be progressively gifted in their dominance of stone, they found an answer for the issue of offering help to the enormous roof vaults which secured wide spaces. Prior, this need prompted the structure of substantial, semi-roundabout, barrel and crotch vaults, which needed very thick dividers as help. This was currently supplanted by the rib vault, comprising of a progression of meeting, raised stone ribs, which upheld a vaulted roof. The roof currently included flimsy boards, which could be upheld by broadly dispersed sections and wharfs, rather than thick dividers. The advancement of the rib vault gave the Gothic Cathedral a â€Å"new design grammar† (Chapuis, Heilbrunn Timeline). The rib vault prompted more slender dividers and enormous windows, changing the design of the customary house of prayer. A characteristic movement of the ribbed vault was the sharp curve and the flying brace. As the weight applied by the vault was currently gathered at the ribs, it could be avoided descending by pointed curves. These sharp curves supplanted the before round curves. The adaptability of the sharp curve permitted its measurements to be balanced so as to suit a huge assortment of openings. Next, the push of the rooftop was moved to the external dividers by a connected external support, and afterward to a withdrew wharf, through a half-curve called the flying brace. This encouraged the Gothic Cathedrals’ impression of â€Å"soaring verticality† through amazingly flimsy, tall dividers (Martindale). The Gothic Cathedrals’ basic refinements allowed different beautiful highlights, mainly huge windows, fitted with recolored glass. The recolored glass spoke to scenes from the Bible and

The Self and Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Self and Nature - Essay Example Subsequently, it has prompted the obliteration of nature which impactsly affects the people. A genuine model is the situation of a worldwide temperature alteration. In the earlier years, individuals had not misused nature and therefore such issues were not in presence. Because of the expanded populace and the ravenousness of people, increasingly more mischief on nature has been led. Regardless of this, there are different people who have extraordinary enthusiasm for the protection of nature. This has been encouraged by different networks to their ability. Along these lines people should think about network while undertaking their obligations. As of now, Wildlife has been supplanted by people who deforest land and use it for water system and in this manner use synthetic concoctions which effectsly affect creatures and air. There are different nature assets that have gotten wiped out because of the misuse. It is apparent that recouping obliterated nature back to its unique highlights a fter demolition is for the most part inconceivable and if potential, takes a great deal of time and assets. This is apparent in the different endeavors utilized by the Chinese government in attempting to give water to its huge populace. In spite of it developing a portion of the world’s biggest dams and trench, it has been of extraordinary cost which would not have been acquired if nature was placed before personal responsibility. Therefore it is important to guarantee that it is all around saved in light of the fact that it will be of help not exclusively to the present age however for a long time into the future. The people group assumes a critical job in tending to different issues, for example, nature and self. This is for the most part on the grounds that numerous individuals from a network share regular interests and therefore could have effect on its individuals with contrasting sentiments. Accordingly, they assume a noteworthy job in instructing individuals about self and nature (Orr 134). Appropriate comprehension of nature is exceptionally basic in guaranteeing that individuals from a network make legitimate judgment with respect to nature. For instance, there are different life forms that get by in extraordinary conditions. Any modifications in condition render their reality hard. Because of expanded total populace, nature has been left in danger from misuse. Subsequently, different organizations have formulated strategies to attempt to control proliferation rate. As a rule, individuals are just chivalrous about transient advantages harvested from an action contrally to the interests of networks which are for the most part long haul. This has presented even danger to probably the most important normal assets, for example, water and food. Along these lines appropriate comprehension of self and nature is fundamental for individuals to know whatever fits them most. At present most people from creating nations are narcissistic with nature coming as a last thought in their endeavor. It is obvious that such individuals have been moving toward the west and as such could affect them. The greater part of these characteristic assets misused are restricted in their gracefully. Thus, monstrous extraction must be valuable to people just for a brief timeframe however have unfavorable impacts over the long haul (Ridley 157). Notwithstanding the difficulties looked naturally, it isn't totally abused. Therefore, consolidated endeavors by networks, governments, private areas and science and innovation will be of extraordinary assistance in its preservation. Right now, different non-legislative associations have been in the cutting edge of guaranteeing that no

Contingency Trait Theories of Leadership in Organizations - 1925 Words

Explain the usefulness of Contingency and Trait Theories of Leadership in Organizations (Essay Sample) Content: Principles and Practices of Leadership and ManagementTask: Contingency and Trait Theories of Leadership, Usefulness for Leaders in OrganisationsNameReg No:Module TutorsDate of submission:IntroductionLeadership is part of critical formation of success, not only in a business setting but also at individual level. In every organisation environment, leadership directs how emerging opportunities are exploited, problem are solved, work relations, follower empowerment, organisation culture and the overall achievement of organisation goals (Northouse, 2007). This means that organisations, not only need leaders with managerial skills but also leadership skills that are in line with achievement of their objectives. To facilitate understanding, choosing and applying leadership in organisations, literature has put forward various leadership theories that argue to profile a span of leadership styles adopted in organisation. This con tinued research has revealed an evolving succession of theories amid dynamic nature of organisation that have required a modified approach to management leadership. In this essay, contingency and trait theories of leadership will be analysed for their useful for leaders in organizations. A critical evaluation on the adequacy of these theories to describe the performance effectiveness and styles applied to achieve organisation goals and objective will be implemented. As such a conclusion informing on more useful of the two theories will be reached.Contingency and Trait theories of leadershipTrait leadership theories are based on the philosophy that that leaders are 'born, not made. As noted by Roe (2014), people are born with certain characteristic qualities that give them innate abilities. As such, identification of people with certain characteristics can facilitate choosing of people with potential leadership capability (pg 21). On the other hand, contingency theories of leadershi p consider both situational and individual factors as well as their interaction when evaluating leadership effectiveness. For instance, the 1967 Fiedlers Least preferred Co-worker PLC theory has the prediction that, leadership effectiveness is not only dependant on leadership style, but also on a various situational interaction that involve relationship between the leader, followers and the environment they work in; the structure of the task; the degree of power held by the leader (Fiedler, 1967).Both contingency and trait theories are useful to organisations in emphasizing on identifiable qualities that a leader should have to facilitate management. Through consideration of the qualities that differentiate leaders from non-leaders, the trait theory is able to give a limelight to organisations on the choice of a person to leadership position. Dayand Antonakis (2012) notes that leaders have specific qualities that facilitate them execute their duties on regular basis that include j ob relevant knowledge, desire to lead and intelligent. This makes trait theory intuitively appealing because of the notion that, society view leaders to be extraordinary people in terms of quality traits who are out in front leading the way (Winkler, 2010). This means that they must possess a combination of traits that other people do not have, if they have to be followed. However, apart from recognising this aspect, contingency theory goes deeper to take into consideration the environment and the situational form that the modern leaders are involved in. The argument behind these theories means that the success through specific traits of a leader are as well dictated by various internal and external constraints relating to work environment (Certo and Trevi, 2014) and even leaders with similar traits may experience different success levels depending on situation circumstances. For instance, the success in crisis management of an organisation will not only depend on specific leadershi p abilities but also on the social, political, cultural and economic contingency factors (Marra, 1998). And since the type of crisis are dynamic, the leadership required in a crisis will be significantly different from the ones in another crisis. This helps organisation to recognise that there exist no universal traits that can help a leader in management of an organisation.One of the most critical role of a leader in an organisation is to create a vision for an organisation and ensure that the followers are aligned to its implementation. According to Parry and Jackson (2011) organisation success of an organisation largely depends on the decisions its leaders make on its behalf. In contemporary organisations, leaders are endowed with the responsibility of selecting their followers, for instance, various departmental leaders. As such, trait theory offer a criteria for employee recruitment and partner organisation to work with. With an advantage of wide research carried on trait theo ries for decades, various traits have been identified that provide selection criteria and a benchmark when evaluating employability of an individual. A good example is the widely accepted OCEAN; Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, model that provide an evaluation of personal traits Day and Antonakis (2012). Indeed Certo and Trevis Certo (2014) notes that leaders find it easier to work with followers whose characters they understand; they are able to allocate duties, predict and evaluate performance, create and develop task teams, and day to day operations. But failure to produce static personality traits or qualities that fully distinguish leaders from no-leaders is a major drawback in the use of trait theory for leaders in organisation. As such, there is no guarantee that the selected individual will deliver to the tasks per their traits and the environment they work. This drawback can be eliminated through the use of contingency theory of le adership. According to Bennis (2007) Successful leadership is an outcome of interaction between situation and leaders. This means that situations influence the consequences of leader behaviour. And at such instances, it becomes a challenge to prescribe a single personal trait or qualities that fit all situation when recruiting or evaluating followers.With organizational effectiveness being affected by some situation factors not under leaders control contingency theory offer leaders with a platform of identifying their leadership styles, analyse their leadership situation, and react to situational factors for effective leadership. Bennis (2007) notes that leaders have to provide complex decision that respond to formations or combinations of situational dimensions. Recent researchers including Siggelkow and Rivkin 2005 and Kenis et al. 2009 are of the view that contemporary organisations are increasingly being involved in dynamic and complex external and internal environment with resp ect to climate, market and technologies. This has continued to be a key challenge to leaders forcing organisations to cultivate, strategies, designs and associated behavioural skills that facilitate continuous change and fluidity (Goldsmith, 2003). Tackling of these challenges require a leadership thats take advantage of both trait and contingency theory of leadership to continuously evaluate their abilities to manage these dynamics. Trait theory serves as a yardstick against which the leadership skills of an individual can be evaluated to tackle the fluidity and how leadership positions can be made stronger. Further, through trait theory leaders are able to understand their identity and evaluate how such will affect their follower, partners and the organisation at large. With such information, recommendation for change of leadership can be made to recruit the best fit to handle or head emerging situations in an organisation Goldsmith (2003).But the fact that the fluidity of organi sation involves emerging new situation trait theory becomes subjective judgment of who is qualified and which are the most effective qualities for benchmarking leadership qualities required in such situation. With emphasis is on diversity rather than uniformity being advocated in organisation leadership (Winkler, 2010), trait theory fails to implement such diversity because it presents traits as an aggregate of facts rather than circumstantial evaluation of abilities. It is this inadequacy that makes contingency approach better fitted than trait oriented approach. As noted by Northouse (2016) Contingency theory widens the scope of leadership understanding from an emphasis on a particular, best type of leadership; advocated through trait theory, to stressing the importance of a leader's style and particular situation burdens. Since leaders have to position themselves with fluidity capabilities to continuously come up with a combination of resources to enable highly fragile decision-m aking concerning resource aquicision, integration and reconfiguration, there is need for continued leaning and absorption of new skills advocated by contingency theory. For instance,the Fiedler and Chemerss (1984) Leader Match Concept offers a way for leaders to re-engineer their leadership style to match the situation they are involved in, contributing to efficient handling of fluidity in organisations. Winkler (2010) finds that even if leaders have similar traits the situational circumstances are different across organisation, creating a need for continuous learning and developments. This notion cannot be implemented through the use of trait theory in facilitating leadership understanding because it is overly absent.Another advantage of contingency theory use in leadership effectiveness is that it provides a platform for tailoring situation to fit the leadership style required. Through application of Fiedlers program ...

Explain The Following Fixed Server / Database Roles That...

ASSESSMENT TASK1 THEORETICAL QUES. Q1. Explain the following fixed server/ database roles that exist in the sql server; a) Sysadmin b) Securityadmin c) Dbcreator d) Db_owner e) Db_accessadmin f) Db_securityadmin Ans.;- a) Sysadmin;-the sysadmin fixed server role can perform any activity in the server. The local administrator group are member of the sysadmin fixed server role. The users with sysadmin server role. The sysadmin a complete control of your server. There is a vulnerability database to run sql codes internal sql injection. b) Securityadmin; - fixed server role manage logins and their properties. They can AWARD, REBUFF, and REVOKE server-level permissions. The database level permission if they have access to a database. c) Dbcreator: - the dB creator stationary server role can create databanks, and can adjust and return their own databases. This role a login create database. This is typically normal user is a member of development teams and the like. The owner a given do anything within particular database. d) Db_ownre:- Stationary database role can perform all arrangement and repairs activities on the database, and can also drib the database you can add database other sql server roles into database role. Each member fixed database role can add other login to same role. e) Db_accessadmin:- db_accessadmin stable database part can add or remove contact for Holes logins, Windows groups, and SQL Server. It is going to allow nativeShow MoreRelatedWindows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay5564 Words   |  23 Pages : Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization ID NO : 14091138 SUBMITTED TO : Imran Sidqque SUBMITTED DATE: /july/2015 Diploma in Information Technology (Level 7) Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization Subject Code: WD 602 Assessment: Task One Theoretical Questions Outcome 1 (1.1) Q1. Briefly explain following designing requirements that are required whenRead MoreWindows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay4264 Words   |  18 Pages Tasman International Academies Diploma in information Technology Level 7 Assignment: - Windows SQL server Database Design and Optimization Subject code: WD 602 Name: Anurag ID: 15052231 Submitted to: Mr. Imran Siddique Outcome 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) Q 1 Briefly explains following designing requirements that are required when designing the hardware and software infrastructure: - Ans: - Infrastructure in everything that helps in the flow and the processing of data. Infrastructure provides aRead MoreA Short Note On Storage Requirements And Data Distribution Requirements Essay4447 Words   |  18 Pagesrequirements. The physical size of the database, you have to consider the exchange development rate and data distribution requirements. 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For each model type, the chapter defines the model in question, outlines the criteria for choosing it, and explains its benefits. 1.1 SAP HANA Database Engine Architecture SAP HANA is an in-memory technology platform that is deployable as an appliance or in the cloud. Its core is the SAP HANA database, which is built for high performance applications. It makes full use of the main memory and processing power provided by modern hardware. As relevant dataRead MoreInternet and Ebusiness Essay10788 Words   |  44 Pages4 1.2: Explain the benefits and barriers to businesses considering an online presence. Explain some of the benefits that Banknet from the case study will have by using an e-Business solution. 6 1.3: Assess the security and legislative issues facing an online business organization. 8 1.4: State the mode of communication available to an e-business and their applications. Suggest the type of communication Banknet can use to make it more users friendly. 10 2.1: Explain the internetRead MoreSpeech Recognition Essay7119 Words   |  29 Pagestechnology is that in any given instant, the picture on the screen is not the total image, but is instead rapidly alternating between images consisting of the individual red, green, and blue colors. Thus the eye and the brain play the last critical role in making single chip DLP projectors work, by combining or averaging or integrating the picture, so that the viewer perceives the desired image and not the rapidly flashing momentary components of the image.   A problem with DLP can also be light

Julius Caesar A Tragic Hero - 937 Words

Caesar the Great Julius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of noble stature, has a fatal flaw and comes to an unhappy end. Julius Caesar is the tragic hero because of his noble stature. The noble stature of Caesar is made evident through his position in society and his outstanding qualities. Caesars position in Rome was that of a dictator. At the start of the play Brutus enlightens the reader that â€Å".... the people/ choose Caesar for their king† (1.ii.77-78). When Brutus says â€Å"king† he is actually informing the audience the Caesar has been made dictator of Rome for life. At this time in Rome, the Roman society took pride in being republic. Therefore, electing Caesar as a dictator was a monumental event. A dictator was the most powerful position in Roman society. Indeed as a stated in Encyclopedia Britannica a dictator was a â€Å"a temporary magistrate with extraordinary powers† (dictator). Furthermore, as opposed to the usual six month term Caesar was appointed a life long term (dictator). WithShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero934 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of nobleRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero863 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a well known piece of literature written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy (who is) usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (Novel Study Guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† (Novel Study Guide). It is evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero givenRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero1171 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar Julius Caesar, the greatest war hero and most noble of all wanted to be praised by all Roman citizens wanted to achieve power to rule as a king. The play is set in ancient Rome in the year 44 B.C. when the Roman general Julius Caesar was almost ruler of the entire world at the highest point in his career. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking†Read MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is the story of ancient Rome during the time that Caesar took over. Caesar returns to Rome, after defeating the former leader, Pompey. Cassius and other conspirators convince Brutus, a nobleman, to join in on their plot against Caesar. Brutus and the others gather around Caesar, on the ides of March, to stab him. They stabbed Caesar 23 times and eventually he dies. Brutus takes over Rome, but followers of Caesar, Antony and Octavius, oppose BrutusRead MoreTragic Hero In Julius Caesar829 Words   |  4 Pages What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is a person, of noble birth, with heroic potential but doomed by fate. The hero struggles against his fate but eventually fails because of a mistake or even a flaw. In Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a character may come to mind and fit this definition, Marcus Brutus. In this play, Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about Caesar’s position of being the king of Rome. The honorable Brutus shows hisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Julius Caesar1793 Words   |  8 PagesAs Caesar dies, he gasps, â€Å"Et tu, Brute?† (III. i. 77). To betray a close friend for the better of the country only to have it end all in vain is a tragedy in its own. For Brutus, this is his journey in Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. A lthough the play is named after Caesar, it is evident that Brutus is the tragic hero as the audience watches the events of the play unfold. Brutus’s characteristics and actions line up perfectly with Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero which statesRead More Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero amp;#9;Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, CassiusRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. 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This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutus’ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability

Global strategic management Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the Global strategic management for Marketing Management? Answer: Marketing Excellence- Apple From the case study of Apple, it is easy to conduct comparative advantage based upon the marketing excellence in an overall manner. Apple products launches electronic gadgets because high rate of innovation. This made Apple comparatively viable from its nearest competitors. This particular business has conduct transformation in the usage of phone by people. Apply products have large innovative skills and look from operational side as far as possible. As far as iPod is concerned, it made ways for other products in creation of medium priced products for music enthusiasts with great portability as well as mobility of music (Cattani, 2011). Apple received huge success after the launch of iPhone and mp3 players in unified device. Apple launches series of mobile for different generations and successful implementation of incremental innovation for the same. They keep customers anxious for the next release of the product. Apple establishes effective organization structure for enhancing the d evelopmental process and adoption of cross-functional teams. They use push and pull strategies for product accessibility and including multiple cultures on global scale (Henry, 2011). Comparative advantage of Apple includes continuous investment in research and development for keeping innovative products. Apple has mastered innovation and usage of genius marketing tactics. Marketing Excellence- Research in Motion Research in Motion defines its competitive advantage in connecting with the network and having information in accordance with industry standard. It constantly increases use of BlackBerry devices for the customers. BlackBerry comes under traditional mobile phones and investment for increased profitability in the near future (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). This particular business possesses strong growth possibility especially in foreign markets. They maintain intellectual property rights like protecting innovation and development of competing firms in an overall manner. RIM developed infrastructure for integrated minimization of capital expenditures for passing though the potential customers (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). References: Cattani, G. (2011).Project-based organizing and strategic management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Frynas, J., Mellahi, K. (2011).Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011).Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. (2011).Strategic management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Annotated Bibliography of its critique Essay Example

Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique Essay Wilson H. Kimnach, Caleb J.D. Maskell, and Kenneth P. Minkema, editors. Jonathan Edwards’s â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†: A Casebook. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010. 204 pages. This book attempts to deconstruct the various dimensions of Jonathan Edwards’ famous sermon. In other words, it offers the social, historical and theological contexts for the sermon for the novice reader. Even for those practicing Christianity for a long time, the book offers key insights and asides with respect to the text in question. Included in the book are the authoritative/definitive version of the sermon; essays that tell how the sermon came about and place it in historical and theological context. It serves as a sampling of Edwards’ â€Å"theological, philosophical and personal writings to contextualize the sermon in the life and thought of the man; a number of contemporary and historical interpretations of the sermon; and a number of lesser devices (chronology, glossary, teaching ideas, and a brief list of suggested readings†. (Kimnach et. al. 12) We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Turley, Stephen Richard. â€Å"Awakened to the Holy: â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† in Ritualized Context.† Christianity and Literature 57.4 (2008): 507+. This journal article has a specific focus, namely to elucidate Jonathan Edwards’ sermon in the context of local history and Christian theology. In other words, the powerfully worded sermon was unusual at the time in which it was delivered. It struck awe among the listeners and induced them to introspect on their moral condition. The circumstances preceding the deliverance of the sermon are quite interesting. In the neighboring town of Suffield there was a renewal of Christian faith as evidenced from the addition of numerous communicants to the central parish there. This revival of Christianity spread to regions surrounding Suffield. It is in this context that â€Å"a number of clergy had banded together to stoke the fires of revival by instituting a series of weekday services, traveling back and forth between pious Suffield and impious Enfield†. (Turley 115) But nothing in the events leading up to the sermon would indicate the compelling logic and captivating imag ery compiled up by Edwards. The surprising fact is that Edwards was not erstwhile renowned for making voracious speeches. Rather his mode of sermonizing is thought to be controlled yet authoritative. In sum, the authorial team’s adoption of a ritual-theoretical approach â€Å"bridges the gap between the published text and the corporate setting of its original delivery in order to account for the sermon’s original efficacy.† (Turley 88) Attention is paid to the language of the pulpit and the psychological effects it has had on the audience. It is insightful of the authors to infer that â€Å"the language of the pulpit occupied the listener’s identity while the numinous experience evoked the need for a covering of one’s creaturely profaneness, thus providing experiential confirmation to the sermon’s content and Christ invitation. The divided self was resolved in the listener’s adoption of the pulpit’s paradigm for interpreting life and the embracing of a new unified corporate order in Christ that embodied that interpretation of life in song and prayer.† (Turley 89) Sang Hyun Lee (Editor), The Works of Jonathan Edwards: Writings on the Trinity, Grace, and Faith. The Works of Jonathan Edwards, vol. 21. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. xii + 566 pp. The book offers a comprehensive survey of Jonathan Edwards’ religious literary output accompanied by useful notes and insightful critical commentary. Describing Edwards as ‘the greatest American philosopher’ in its introduction, the book goes on to support that claim through rigorous synthesis and assimilation of Edwards’ output. The book goes on to talk about some of the neglected facets to Edwards’ theological oeuvre. By adopting such an approach, the book critically re-appropriates his theology to the postmodern sensibility. For example, dimensions of Edwards’ output that garner attention include the influences of John Calvin, Francois Turretin and Petrus van Maastricht on the former. Also, the book explores Edwards’ Augustinianism in the backdrop of early Enlightenment thought. This is an interesting analytic angle, for the tone and style of the Sinners sermon goes against the grain of rationalism which is the essence of the E nlightenment. The endeavor of the compilers of this anthology is to offer scholarly perspectives that are different to the preceding works by Robert E. Brown and Gerald R. McDermott. The focus of the collection seems to be its juxtaposition of Christian dogma and the Enlightenment ethos. What the book also manages to showcase Edwards’ theology as more refined than is what is commonly believed. For all the negative publicity the fundamentalist streak in the sermon garners, Edwards understood God in surprisingly contemporary terms. For example, he sought to â€Å"comprehend the divine largely in terms of a relationship of love and of beauty that draws humanity to God.† (Lee 221) His conception of beauty, though, is a bit more conservative, in that, he measured it in terms of â€Å"proportion, symmetry, contrast, comparison, and by relations, an experience of beauty which he illustrated by discussing the harmonious and pleasurable music of a choir, natural phenomena such as color, and the relationships among the human senses.† (Lee 221) Jon Meacham, American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation. New York: Random House, 2006. 416 pp. This collection of key religious texts and speeches in the short history of American Christianity is similar to the compilation by Sang Hyun Lee. This book is a kind of secular liberal version of Jerry Falwell’s Listen America (1980), filled throughout with quotes from ‘The Founders’. But where it fails is the inadequacy to fulfill this goal. For example, the quotes are usually torn off from their contexts and are mostly incomplete. Of all the Founders covered by Meacham, Jonathan Edwards is just one figure. Almost all of the tired liberal secular litany against Christianity is to be found in the book: â€Å"the â€Å"ferocity of evangelizing Christians† (p. 4); the â€Å"strangling† of religion by â€Å"extremism† (p. 5); a colonial America of â€Å"ambitious clergy† (p. 6); the â€Å"criminal† treatment of Native Americans by white settlers committed to converting them to Christianity (p. 45); the close-minded, bigoted, witch-burning, devil-obsessed Puritans (p. 46-54)-who persecuted women (especially that â€Å"devoted Puritan† Anne Hutchinson); the â€Å"African spiritual holocaust† by Christian slave traders and ministers (p. 45).† (Meacham)

Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States

Jimmy Carter - 39th President of the United States Jimmy Carters Childhood and Education: James Earl Carter was born on October 1, 1924 in Plains, Georgia. He grew up in Archery, Georgia. His father was a local public official. Jimmy grew up working in the fields to help bring in money. He attended public schools in Plains, Georgia. After high school, he attended Georgia Institute of Technology before being accepted into the U.S. Naval Academy in 1943 from which he graduated in 1946. Family Ties: Carter was the son of  James Earl Carter, Sr., a farmer and public official and Bessie Lillian Gordy, a Peace Corps volunteer. He had two sisters, Gloria and Ruth, and a brother, Billy. On  July 7, 1946, Carter married  Eleanor Rosalynn Smith. She was his sister Ruths best friend. Together they had three sons and one daughter. His daughter, Amy, was a child while Carter was in the White House. Military Service: Carter joined the navy from 1946-53. He began as an ensign. He attended submarine school and was stationed aboard the submarine Pomfret. He was then placed in 1950 on an anti-sub submarine. He then went on to study nuclear physics and was chosen to serve as an engineering officer on one of the first atomic submarines. He resigned from the navy in 1953 upon the death of his father. Career Before the Presidency: After leaving the military in 1953, he returned to Plains, Georgia to help on the farm upon his fathers death. He expanded the peanut business to the point of making him very wealthy. Carter served in the Georgia State Senate from 1963-67. In 1971, Carter became the governor of Georgia. In 1976, he was the dark horse candidate for president. The campaign centered around Fords pardon of Nixon. Carter won by a narrow margin with 50% of the vote and 297 out of 538 electoral votes. Becoming the President: Carter declared his candidacy for the 1976 Democratic presidential nomination in 1974. He ran with the idea of restoring trust after the debacle of Watergate. He was opposed by Republican President Gerald Ford. The vote was very close with Carter winning 50% of the popular vote and 297 out of 538 electoral votes. Events and Accomplishments of Jimmy Carters Presidency: On Carters first day in office, he issued a pardon for all those who dodged the draft in the  Vietnam War  era. He did not pardon deserters, however. Nonetheless, his actions were offensive to many veterans.   Energy was a huge issue during Carters administration. With the  Three Mile Island  incident, stricter regulations on Nuclear Energy plants were required. Further, the  Department of Energy  was created. Much of Carters time as president was spent dealing with diplomatic issues. In 1978,  President Carter  invited Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin to Camp David for peace talks. This led to a formal peace treaty in 1979. In 1979, diplomatic relations were formally established between China and the U.S. On November 4, 1979, the U.S. embassy in Tehran, Iran was seized and 60 Americans were taken hostage. 52 of the hostages were held for more than a year. Carter suspended oil imports from Iran and the UN Security Council called for the release of the hostages. He imposed economic sanctions. He also attempted in 1980 to rescue the hostages. However, three helicopters malfunctioned and they were unable to follow through with the rescue. Eventually, the Ayatollah Khomeini agreed to release the hostages in exchange for unfreezing Iranian assets in the U.S. They were not released, however, until Reagan was president. The hostage crisis was part of the reason that Carter did not win reelection. Post-Presidential Period: Carter left the presidency on January 20, 1981 after losing to Ronald Reagan. He retired to Plains, Georgia. He became an important figure in Habitat for Humanity. Carter has been involved in diplomatic endeavors including helping forge an agreement with North Korea. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Historical Significance: Carter was president at a time when energy issues came to the forefront. During his time, the Department of Energy was created. Further, the Three Mile Island incident showed possible problems inherent in relying on nuclear energy. Carter is also important for his part in the Middle East peace process with the Camp David Accords in 1972.

A New Choice for Detecting Cervical Cancer by Deborah Levenson Article

A New Choice for Detecting Cervical Cancer by Deborah Levenson The paper "A New Choice for Detecting Cervical Cancer by Deborah Levenson" is a worthy example of an article review on health sciencesmedicine. A New Choice for Detecting Cervical Cancer, authored by Deborah Levenson, was published on November 1, 2014, by the American Association for Clinical Chemistry. This article discusses new types of testing that can help women in order to prevent cervical cancer. While it is common for many women to find out she has cervical cancer is through a pap smear, there are now new technological and scientific advances that enable doctors to possibly detect cancer. HPV (human papillomavirus) testing became available in 2003 and it is one of the leading causes of cervical cancer. Liquid cytology has also been used often in combination with HPV testing. Cytology is recommended for women ages 30-65. However, in April of 2014, a third option may be available for women as based on a study of women 21 years and older. This tested women who were high-risk for HPV and had certain genotypes which, when combined, increase cervical cancer in these individuals. There is a specific algorithm to follow and i t helps to determine the probability based on the genotypes. This impacts the general population by mostly targeting women. Women are increasingly becoming more prone to have cervical cancer and at a younger age. If undetected and a woman does not go to her pap test regularly, it can continue to flourish unknown to the patient. This is a less invasive method by using genotype testing and can help predict cancer before it becomes a concern. This was interesting to read because it is a scientific breakthrough that could predict a type of cancer-based on a womans genetics. Though it is not completely going to predict everyones potential case, it can help women early on to be on the lookout for abnormal cancer cells in the cervix. This could help lower fatality rates.

Are you safe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Are you safe - Essay Example Basically, the crime is undertaken through the access of information such as Social Security Number, bank account or credit card number. Through the knowledge of such information a staggering effect on the life of the victim occur specifically the credit and finances (Department of Justice, 2006). The knowledge regarding the methods on the crime of stealing one's identity can be considered as of the most essential weapon. Protection of one's property, in the present time, does not limit the material possessions, but key information that can access valuable materials. Due to the fact that the present era can be considered the era of information, thus, the data gathered can be equated to monetary units (Federal Trade Commission, 2006). In the increasing prevalence of this type of crime, an overview both informative and descriptive in nature can be an important exploration to be able to contribute to the knowledge of the public and also for information dissemination. In this note, the objectives of the research that was undertaken is to achieve a baseline information on the cases of identity theft and the determination of the knowledge of the public regarding the crime that concern every members of the population. The issue regarding the crime that can affect every member of the population was studied in line with the opinions and the experiences of a sample population. The study was undertaken through the integration of the reaction of the population and the knowledge that they possess regarding the topic. Through the determination of the opinions of the representative of the population, primary data was gathered. A. Sampling Process The process of data gathering covers certain groups in the population. In this particular study a particular group of citizen was chosen to represent the public. This is done to be able to determine the primary reactions of the public in relation to the topic of interest. Opinions were gathered regarding the identity theft as a crime. This can measure the basic knowledge of the sample population regarding the issue along with their outlook on the issue. In the research conducted specifically, it was aimed to explore the knowledge regarding identity theft and the misuse of information. There are certain techniques that can be employed to be able to achieve the desired amount and quality of data. The sampling process can be undertaken in various ways. One type of sampling is the simple random sampling. This employs randomization process such as drawing the names of the possible respondents or through the use of random numbers to be able to determine the respondents for the survey. Another type is the stratified random sampling. In this method, the possible respondents are first divided into groups. Within each group simple random sampling are employed. Though the segregation of the population into groups the study can establish a background characterization sample space that can result to a more directed data gathering (Davis, 2002). Another is the proportionate sampling which is a sampling technique that requires the proportion of the stratified group that corresponds to that of the sample population. There are surveys that do not employ sampling process. The non-probability sampling is the type of survey that does not use

Experiential learning as posited in the work of Kolb and other Assignment

Experiential learning as posited in the work of Kolb and other scholars - Assignment Example Life Learning Using Kolb Cycle about Public Personal Speaking Experience Introduction David Kolb’s learning styles model was first published in 1984 and introduced terms such as experiential learning theory (ELT) and learning styles inventory (LSI). Kolb’s work entitled â€Å"Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development† reports experiential learning reported earlier including the work of Jung, Piaget and Rogers. The learning theory posited by Kolb is one that states there are four specific learning styles and these are framed in a four-stage cycle of learning. The four-stage cycle is stated by Kolb to include: (1) Concrete Experience (CE); (2) Reflective Observation (RO); (3) Abstract Conceptualization (AC); and (4) Active Experimentation (AE). (Business Balls, 2011) The four learning styles stated by Kolb include those as follows: (1) Diverging (CE/RO); (2) Assimilating (AC/RO); (3) Converging (AC/AE); and (4) Accommodating (CE/AE) (Business Balls, 2011) The following illustration is a diagram that shows the learning styles and learning types as posited in the work of David Kolb. Figure 1 Source: Business Balls (2011) The preferred learning style of the individual varies from one person to the other and the factors that influence the preference of learning style are many. The developmental stages identified by Kolb in learning include those as follows: (1) Acquisition – from birth to adolescence and include the development of the individuals most basic of abilities and the individual’s cognition; (2) Specialization – early work and individual experiences in adulthood when specialized learning style of the individual is influenced by social, educational, and organizational socialization; and (3) Integration – mid-career into later life of the individual when the individual expresses the non-dominant learning style in their work life and in their personal life. (Business Balls, 2011) Kolb held that the learning style is the result of two pairs of variables. These are conceived as lines of axis in which each has conflict at either en d as follows: Concrete Experience – CE (feeling) -----V-----Abstract Conceptualization – AC (thinking) Active Experimentation – AE (doing)-----V-----Reflective Observation (watching) A typical presentation of the two continuums of Kolb is stated to be that the Processing Continuum or the east-west axis is how the individual approaches a task and the north-south axis or the Perception Continuum is the individual’s emotional response and how they think about or feel about the task. The learning styles are the two lines of axis combined and these are formed between what Kolb states are â€Å"dialectically related modes of grasping experience (doing or watching) and transforming experience (thinking or feeing). The following illustration labeled Figure 2 in this study shows the conception of these two axis. Figure 2 Source: Business Balls (2011) Concrete experience is knowledge that is gained through practical experience while reflective observation has its focus on what the meaning of the experience is to the individual. The work of Wirth and Perkins (nd) report that there have been â€Å"calls for new kinds of learning from many different parts of society.† Student surveys are reported to indicate â€Å"that courses are not interesting, that students fail to recognize the value of what they are learning, and that many faculty rely too heavily on lectures for transmitting information.† (Wirth and Perkins, nd) It is reported that Fink (2003) reported that society and individual learners â€Å"now have different needs, both in terms of what people need to learn and how they can and should learn.† (Wirth and Perkins, nd) The work of Gardiner (1994) listed critical competencies for workers and citizens including the following competencies: (1) Personal responsibility; (2) Ability to act in principles, ethical fashion; (3) Skill in oral and written

Islamic Science in the Medieval Era Essay -- History, Middle, Medieval

There are many terms used to describe the period after the fall of Rome and before the Renaissance, three main terms being the Middle, Medieval, and Dark Ages. In general, these terms are used interchangeably, but are these fair substitutions? In recent years the term â€Å"Dark Ages† is becoming less and less acceptable as a phrase which describes the span of years it is meant to refer to. The use of the term â€Å"dark† implies a period of stagnation, which is becoming a questionable concept. In particular, the span of time referred to in this paper is 530-1452 BCE, with specific attention paid to the scientific discoveries and innovations rather than art or literature. These dates are significant because in 529 the Academy and Lyceum in Athens were shutdown by the Byzantine emperor, thus ending the Greek intellectual influence. The date of 1453 is chosen because many Greek texts arrived in Europe in 1453 after the fall of Constantinople at the hands of the Turks, the reby reviving the struggling European scientific fields (Bunch 93). This essay will show that the medieval period was not a so-called â€Å"dark age† because of scientific innovation in the Islamic world, and is only referred to as such because of the popular bias in the West of focusing on Europe. In order to make this clear, firstly, two objections to this proposition will be analyzed and clearly refuted. Following these counter arguments, the main weight of historical facts and events in the identification and explanation of Islamic scientific innovation will be presented, showing the inaccuracy of referring to the medieval period as dark. Finally, I will show that the misleading perception of the medieval era as stagnant is due to the modern bias for the superiority of Western... ...ime period in a positive scientific light. The distinction between modern and medieval science was described as medieval science being more theoretical in nature and modern being of the more applied variety. Through the further presentation of the plethora of Islamic scientists, covering fields as diverse as astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and physics it has been shown, without a doubt, that significant scientific contributions were made in this period. Finally, the source of this misconception was exposed through the common accidental perception of the past as a European narrative. History can easily be focused around Europe, and to do so produces a view of the medieval era being stagnant. However, when one looks at the greater global picture, it is clear that the Islamic world more than makes up for this lull in innovation, successfully brightening the â€Å"Dark Age†.

Lessons from Rs Mcnamara

Walking Along a Familiar Path In Errol Morris’ documentary Fog of War: Eleven Lessons from the Life of Robert S. McNamara, we follow the life and times of former United States Secretary of Defense, Robert McNamara. The insightful piece follows his life from birth during World War I, his success at college, cunning business career at Ford Motor Company, to his involvement in World War II and his controversial political career during the Kennedy and Johnson presidential terms.Morris highlights the documentary around these eleven lessons that McNamara passes through during an interview for the film. In my opinion some of these ‘lessons’ are merely some opinions of McNamara and some seem to be spurred along by Morris, who is asking the questions in the background. I believe it is through some of these lessons that Morris uses McNamara’s success and failures to relate them to current issues such as the Iraq and Afghanistan wars; and how we seem to be treading do wn a familiar path.LESSON #5: PROPORTIONALITY SHOULD BE A GUIDELINE IN WAR? â€Å"In order to win a war should you kill 100,000 people in one night, by firebombing or any other way . . . Proportionality should be a guideline in war. Killing 50% to 90% of the people of 67 Japanese cities and then bombing them with two nuclear bombs is not proportional, in the minds of some people, to the objectives we were trying to achieve. † Robert McNamara This comment by McNamara resonated through out the film. I knew that there was some bombing in Japan but not to this extent.Morris puts forth one of the most powerful uses of imagery to captivate the audience and bring these death tolls to a whole other level. McNamara resentfully cites a series of Japanese cities that were partially or largely destroyed and matches them to American cities of comparable size, and asks us to imagine those U. S. communities similarly ravaged. It's a strong point, graphically supported by Morris on screen by flashing names and statistics at accelerating speed. â€Å"In that single night, we burned to death 100,000 Japanese civilians in Tokyo: men, women, and children. McNamara. Through this outrages example, I believe Morris was alluding to the large deployment of troops launched to fight small forces in Afghanistan and Iraq. Having twenty-five thousand troops fighting insurgent forces made up of small groups of guerrilla factions can be scene in some eyes as excessive and ill proportioned.LESSON #6: GET THE DATA and LESSON #7: BELIEF AND SEEING ARE BOTH OFTEN WRONG. â€Å"At one point, the commander of the ship said, ‘We're not certain of the attack. At another point they said, ‘Yes, we're absolutely positive. ‘ And then finally late in the day, Admiral Sharp said, ‘Yes, we're certain it happened. ‘ So I reported this to Johnson, and as a result there were bombing attacks on targets in North Vietnam. † McNamara The important fact from McNamara is that the escalation of the Vietnam War started based on a misinformed from a single crew thinking they had been torpedoed. This seemed to be a decent excuse to start bombing runs, mobilize troops and deploy them in to South East Asia.The parallels between these chain of events leading to the Vietnam War and the actions taken by the US government in launching campaigns against Afghanistan and Iraq are very similar. While the terrorist attacks on 9/11 were a violent catalyst to the conflict in Afghanistan, it was an isolated attack by a handful of terrorist. The US turned 9/11 into a raid on Afghanistan harboring factions of these terrorists, eventually overturning the government in power. Another similar lesson in which McNamara states we should â€Å"Get the data,† can be strongly related to the US government’s poor excuse to invade Iraq.The speculation that Iraq was in the process of making or in possession of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) was largely fabricated o rdeal backed by speculation and no quantifiable evidence. Since 2003, the US has still not found WMDs and have quickly skirted this issue under the rug while they change their war song as an action of freedom against tyrannical Iraqi government. LESSON #8: BE PREPARED TO REEXAMINE YOUR REASONING. ?†Were those who issued the approval to use Agent Orange: criminals? Were they committing a crime against humanity?Let's look at the law. Now what kind of law do we have that says these chemicals are acceptable for use in war and these chemicals are not. We don't have clear definitions of that kind. I never in the world would have authorized an illegal action. I'm not really sure I authorized Agent Orange. I don't remember it but it certainly occurred, the use of it occurred while I was Secretary. † Another one of McNamara’s strong comments that relate to that there is a consequence to every action we take and that we must live with that consequence.His job was tough, and he had to make some critical decisions for the ware fare of millions in which he, â€Å"Never had hindsight in making decisions at the time. † This, I believe, was Morris’ big punch in the mouth to the powers of the George W. Bush administration and their actions surrounding the invasion of Iraq. Now, at the time of release of this documentary the Iraq war was still in the infant stages of development- Morris had no clue how the war would turn out but left us with a strong statement that someone would have to be accountable for starting an unjust war.I was once told in a high school history class that, â€Å"History is written by the victors. † McNamara sums this quote up with a brilliant look back into some of his actions during World War II â€Å"[General Curtis] LeMay said if we had lost the war, we would have been prosecuted as war criminals. And I think he's right . . .. What makes it immoral if you lose and not immoral if you win? † Morris alludes through this lesson that someone will have to answer to these actions and wash the blood off their hands. Can we learn from history? Are we fated to repeat the mistakes that we've made in the past, again and again?Or can we learn from history and from the past? These are some serious questions I believe Morris forces us to ask ourselves. I believe that Morris was trying to bring up similarities of the past rather than actually relating the Vietnam War specifically to the Iraqi War, showing us that we are still treading upon our past mistakes. If we don’t learn from history and the events that pass we will be doomed to repeat history, over and over again. â€Å"Don’t make the same mistake twice†¦one mistake can destroy a nation. † Robert Strange McNamara

The Nature Of Man And The Purpose Of Government - 887 Words

Evelyn Koutsoudis September 21, 2014 Mr. Kramer AP Government The Nature of Man and The Purpose of Government Hobbes said, â€Å"†¦ the life of man solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short†¦the condition of man†¦is a condition of war of everyone against everyone.† In other words the nature of man is evil without any civil government. To save Britain merchants from an economic deficit, Parliament passed the Tea Act, granting a monopoly to the financially strapped East India Company to sell the tea that is imported from Britain. The company was allowed to conduct business with colonial merchants who were loyal to the crown, and thereby hurting the colonist by undercutting them, who could only sell tea imported from other nations. The purpose of this was to drive down the price of tea, so that the colonial merchants were forced to buy tea at the higher prices from another source. This made the colonist upset so when the next shipment of tea arrived in Boston Harbor, the colonist decided to throw a â€Å"Boston Tea Party†. This â€Å"Boston Tea Party† was an act of protest in which the colonist threw the British tea into the Boston Harbor. (34) This was the spark that ignited the colonists to decide to go to â€Å"war† with the English Government. As a result, the actions taken by both sides were fueled out of spite, and revenge. John Locke said, â€Å"†¦ the people had put into their hands for quite contrary ends, and it devolves to the people, who have a right to resume theirShow MoreRelatedModern Liberalism and Political Policies1337 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosophies and theories each differ from one another’s, but these three philosophers have all staked their claims as to what man would be like, prior to the formation of the state. This is the State of Nature. Their notions on the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. 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