Gothic Cathedral Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Gothic Cathedral - Research Paper Example The trademark engineering components of the Gothic Cathedral are the rib vault, pointed curve, flying support, and enormous windows and ornamental highlights. The rib vault speaks to the best advancement of Gothic engineering. As the medieval bricklayers turned out to be progressively gifted in their dominance of stone, they found an answer for the issue of offering help to the enormous roof vaults which secured wide spaces. Prior, this need prompted the structure of substantial, semi-roundabout, barrel and crotch vaults, which needed very thick dividers as help. This was currently supplanted by the rib vault, comprising of a progression of meeting, raised stone ribs, which upheld a vaulted roof. The roof currently included flimsy boards, which could be upheld by broadly dispersed sections and wharfs, rather than thick dividers. The advancement of the rib vault gave the Gothic Cathedral a â€Å"new design grammar† (Chapuis, Heilbrunn Timeline). The rib vault prompted more slender dividers and enormous windows, changing the design of the customary house of prayer. A characteristic movement of the ribbed vault was the sharp curve and the flying brace. As the weight applied by the vault was currently gathered at the ribs, it could be avoided descending by pointed curves. These sharp curves supplanted the before round curves. The adaptability of the sharp curve permitted its measurements to be balanced so as to suit a huge assortment of openings. Next, the push of the rooftop was moved to the external dividers by a connected external support, and afterward to a withdrew wharf, through a half-curve called the flying brace. This encouraged the Gothic Cathedrals’ impression of â€Å"soaring verticality† through amazingly flimsy, tall dividers (Martindale). The Gothic Cathedrals’ basic refinements allowed different beautiful highlights, mainly huge windows, fitted with recolored glass. The recolored glass spoke to scenes from the Bible and

The Self and Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Self and Nature - Essay Example Subsequently, it has prompted the obliteration of nature which impactsly affects the people. A genuine model is the situation of a worldwide temperature alteration. In the earlier years, individuals had not misused nature and therefore such issues were not in presence. Because of the expanded populace and the ravenousness of people, increasingly more mischief on nature has been led. Regardless of this, there are different people who have extraordinary enthusiasm for the protection of nature. This has been encouraged by different networks to their ability. Along these lines people should think about network while undertaking their obligations. As of now, Wildlife has been supplanted by people who deforest land and use it for water system and in this manner use synthetic concoctions which effectsly affect creatures and air. There are different nature assets that have gotten wiped out because of the misuse. It is apparent that recouping obliterated nature back to its unique highlights a fter demolition is for the most part inconceivable and if potential, takes a great deal of time and assets. This is apparent in the different endeavors utilized by the Chinese government in attempting to give water to its huge populace. In spite of it developing a portion of the world’s biggest dams and trench, it has been of extraordinary cost which would not have been acquired if nature was placed before personal responsibility. Therefore it is important to guarantee that it is all around saved in light of the fact that it will be of help not exclusively to the present age however for a long time into the future. The people group assumes a critical job in tending to different issues, for example, nature and self. This is for the most part on the grounds that numerous individuals from a network share regular interests and therefore could have effect on its individuals with contrasting sentiments. Accordingly, they assume a noteworthy job in instructing individuals about self and nature (Orr 134). Appropriate comprehension of nature is exceptionally basic in guaranteeing that individuals from a network make legitimate judgment with respect to nature. For instance, there are different life forms that get by in extraordinary conditions. Any modifications in condition render their reality hard. Because of expanded total populace, nature has been left in danger from misuse. Subsequently, different organizations have formulated strategies to attempt to control proliferation rate. As a rule, individuals are just chivalrous about transient advantages harvested from an action contrally to the interests of networks which are for the most part long haul. This has presented even danger to probably the most important normal assets, for example, water and food. Along these lines appropriate comprehension of self and nature is fundamental for individuals to know whatever fits them most. At present most people from creating nations are narcissistic with nature coming as a last thought in their endeavor. It is obvious that such individuals have been moving toward the west and as such could affect them. The greater part of these characteristic assets misused are restricted in their gracefully. Thus, monstrous extraction must be valuable to people just for a brief timeframe however have unfavorable impacts over the long haul (Ridley 157). Notwithstanding the difficulties looked naturally, it isn't totally abused. Therefore, consolidated endeavors by networks, governments, private areas and science and innovation will be of extraordinary assistance in its preservation. Right now, different non-legislative associations have been in the cutting edge of guaranteeing that no

Contingency Trait Theories of Leadership in Organizations - 1925 Words

Explain the usefulness of Contingency and Trait Theories of Leadership in Organizations (Essay Sample) Content: Principles and Practices of Leadership and ManagementTask: Contingency and Trait Theories of Leadership, Usefulness for Leaders in OrganisationsNameReg No:Module TutorsDate of submission:IntroductionLeadership is part of critical formation of success, not only in a business setting but also at individual level. In every organisation environment, leadership directs how emerging opportunities are exploited, problem are solved, work relations, follower empowerment, organisation culture and the overall achievement of organisation goals (Northouse, 2007). This means that organisations, not only need leaders with managerial skills but also leadership skills that are in line with achievement of their objectives. To facilitate understanding, choosing and applying leadership in organisations, literature has put forward various leadership theories that argue to profile a span of leadership styles adopted in organisation. This con tinued research has revealed an evolving succession of theories amid dynamic nature of organisation that have required a modified approach to management leadership. In this essay, contingency and trait theories of leadership will be analysed for their useful for leaders in organizations. A critical evaluation on the adequacy of these theories to describe the performance effectiveness and styles applied to achieve organisation goals and objective will be implemented. As such a conclusion informing on more useful of the two theories will be reached.Contingency and Trait theories of leadershipTrait leadership theories are based on the philosophy that that leaders are 'born, not made. As noted by Roe (2014), people are born with certain characteristic qualities that give them innate abilities. As such, identification of people with certain characteristics can facilitate choosing of people with potential leadership capability (pg 21). On the other hand, contingency theories of leadershi p consider both situational and individual factors as well as their interaction when evaluating leadership effectiveness. For instance, the 1967 Fiedlers Least preferred Co-worker PLC theory has the prediction that, leadership effectiveness is not only dependant on leadership style, but also on a various situational interaction that involve relationship between the leader, followers and the environment they work in; the structure of the task; the degree of power held by the leader (Fiedler, 1967).Both contingency and trait theories are useful to organisations in emphasizing on identifiable qualities that a leader should have to facilitate management. Through consideration of the qualities that differentiate leaders from non-leaders, the trait theory is able to give a limelight to organisations on the choice of a person to leadership position. Dayand Antonakis (2012) notes that leaders have specific qualities that facilitate them execute their duties on regular basis that include j ob relevant knowledge, desire to lead and intelligent. This makes trait theory intuitively appealing because of the notion that, society view leaders to be extraordinary people in terms of quality traits who are out in front leading the way (Winkler, 2010). This means that they must possess a combination of traits that other people do not have, if they have to be followed. However, apart from recognising this aspect, contingency theory goes deeper to take into consideration the environment and the situational form that the modern leaders are involved in. The argument behind these theories means that the success through specific traits of a leader are as well dictated by various internal and external constraints relating to work environment (Certo and Trevi, 2014) and even leaders with similar traits may experience different success levels depending on situation circumstances. For instance, the success in crisis management of an organisation will not only depend on specific leadershi p abilities but also on the social, political, cultural and economic contingency factors (Marra, 1998). And since the type of crisis are dynamic, the leadership required in a crisis will be significantly different from the ones in another crisis. This helps organisation to recognise that there exist no universal traits that can help a leader in management of an organisation.One of the most critical role of a leader in an organisation is to create a vision for an organisation and ensure that the followers are aligned to its implementation. According to Parry and Jackson (2011) organisation success of an organisation largely depends on the decisions its leaders make on its behalf. In contemporary organisations, leaders are endowed with the responsibility of selecting their followers, for instance, various departmental leaders. As such, trait theory offer a criteria for employee recruitment and partner organisation to work with. With an advantage of wide research carried on trait theo ries for decades, various traits have been identified that provide selection criteria and a benchmark when evaluating employability of an individual. A good example is the widely accepted OCEAN; Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism, model that provide an evaluation of personal traits Day and Antonakis (2012). Indeed Certo and Trevis Certo (2014) notes that leaders find it easier to work with followers whose characters they understand; they are able to allocate duties, predict and evaluate performance, create and develop task teams, and day to day operations. But failure to produce static personality traits or qualities that fully distinguish leaders from no-leaders is a major drawback in the use of trait theory for leaders in organisation. As such, there is no guarantee that the selected individual will deliver to the tasks per their traits and the environment they work. This drawback can be eliminated through the use of contingency theory of le adership. According to Bennis (2007) Successful leadership is an outcome of interaction between situation and leaders. This means that situations influence the consequences of leader behaviour. And at such instances, it becomes a challenge to prescribe a single personal trait or qualities that fit all situation when recruiting or evaluating followers.With organizational effectiveness being affected by some situation factors not under leaders control contingency theory offer leaders with a platform of identifying their leadership styles, analyse their leadership situation, and react to situational factors for effective leadership. Bennis (2007) notes that leaders have to provide complex decision that respond to formations or combinations of situational dimensions. Recent researchers including Siggelkow and Rivkin 2005 and Kenis et al. 2009 are of the view that contemporary organisations are increasingly being involved in dynamic and complex external and internal environment with resp ect to climate, market and technologies. This has continued to be a key challenge to leaders forcing organisations to cultivate, strategies, designs and associated behavioural skills that facilitate continuous change and fluidity (Goldsmith, 2003). Tackling of these challenges require a leadership thats take advantage of both trait and contingency theory of leadership to continuously evaluate their abilities to manage these dynamics. Trait theory serves as a yardstick against which the leadership skills of an individual can be evaluated to tackle the fluidity and how leadership positions can be made stronger. Further, through trait theory leaders are able to understand their identity and evaluate how such will affect their follower, partners and the organisation at large. With such information, recommendation for change of leadership can be made to recruit the best fit to handle or head emerging situations in an organisation Goldsmith (2003).But the fact that the fluidity of organi sation involves emerging new situation trait theory becomes subjective judgment of who is qualified and which are the most effective qualities for benchmarking leadership qualities required in such situation. With emphasis is on diversity rather than uniformity being advocated in organisation leadership (Winkler, 2010), trait theory fails to implement such diversity because it presents traits as an aggregate of facts rather than circumstantial evaluation of abilities. It is this inadequacy that makes contingency approach better fitted than trait oriented approach. As noted by Northouse (2016) Contingency theory widens the scope of leadership understanding from an emphasis on a particular, best type of leadership; advocated through trait theory, to stressing the importance of a leader's style and particular situation burdens. Since leaders have to position themselves with fluidity capabilities to continuously come up with a combination of resources to enable highly fragile decision-m aking concerning resource aquicision, integration and reconfiguration, there is need for continued leaning and absorption of new skills advocated by contingency theory. For instance,the Fiedler and Chemerss (1984) Leader Match Concept offers a way for leaders to re-engineer their leadership style to match the situation they are involved in, contributing to efficient handling of fluidity in organisations. Winkler (2010) finds that even if leaders have similar traits the situational circumstances are different across organisation, creating a need for continuous learning and developments. This notion cannot be implemented through the use of trait theory in facilitating leadership understanding because it is overly absent.Another advantage of contingency theory use in leadership effectiveness is that it provides a platform for tailoring situation to fit the leadership style required. Through application of Fiedlers program ...

Explain The Following Fixed Server / Database Roles That...

ASSESSMENT TASK1 THEORETICAL QUES. Q1. Explain the following fixed server/ database roles that exist in the sql server; a) Sysadmin b) Securityadmin c) Dbcreator d) Db_owner e) Db_accessadmin f) Db_securityadmin Ans.;- a) Sysadmin;-the sysadmin fixed server role can perform any activity in the server. The local administrator group are member of the sysadmin fixed server role. The users with sysadmin server role. The sysadmin a complete control of your server. There is a vulnerability database to run sql codes internal sql injection. b) Securityadmin; - fixed server role manage logins and their properties. They can AWARD, REBUFF, and REVOKE server-level permissions. The database level permission if they have access to a database. c) Dbcreator: - the dB creator stationary server role can create databanks, and can adjust and return their own databases. This role a login create database. This is typically normal user is a member of development teams and the like. The owner a given do anything within particular database. d) Db_ownre:- Stationary database role can perform all arrangement and repairs activities on the database, and can also drib the database you can add database other sql server roles into database role. Each member fixed database role can add other login to same role. e) Db_accessadmin:- db_accessadmin stable database part can add or remove contact for Holes logins, Windows groups, and SQL Server. It is going to allow nativeShow MoreRelatedWindows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay5564 Words   |  23 Pages : Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization ID NO : 14091138 SUBMITTED TO : Imran Sidqque SUBMITTED DATE: /july/2015 Diploma in Information Technology (Level 7) Assessment: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization Subject Code: WD 602 Assessment: Task One Theoretical Questions Outcome 1 (1.1) Q1. Briefly explain following designing requirements that are required whenRead MoreWindows Sql Server Database Design And Optimization Essay4264 Words   |  18 Pages Tasman International Academies Diploma in information Technology Level 7 Assignment: - Windows SQL server Database Design and Optimization Subject code: WD 602 Name: Anurag ID: 15052231 Submitted to: Mr. Imran Siddique Outcome 1 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) Q 1 Briefly explains following designing requirements that are required when designing the hardware and software infrastructure: - Ans: - Infrastructure in everything that helps in the flow and the processing of data. Infrastructure provides aRead MoreA Short Note On Storage Requirements And Data Distribution Requirements Essay4447 Words   |  18 Pagesrequirements. The physical size of the database, you have to consider the exchange development rate and data distribution requirements. There are some topic which are assessing current storage capacity:- †¢ Disk-space capacity †¢ Disk throughput capacity †¢ Locations and roles of database servers Network requirements: - all database administrators and infrastructure ought to have a stray pieces comprehension of the topology of the system supporting the database servers on the grounds that this effects infrastructuralRead MoreWhen Designing The Hardware And Software Infrastructure5952 Words   |  24 PagesQ1. Briefly explain following designing requirements that are requires when designing the hardware and software infrastructure: a) Storage requirements b) Network requirements c) CPU requirements d) Memory requirements Ans. There is one of the table which designing for hardware and software infrastructure. Software Hardware Programing system Hard disks for storage Operating system Power supply Internet explore Cluster services firewall Central processing unit Visual Basic (VB) Power supplyRead MoreWindows Sql Server Database Design Essay8605 Words   |  35 PagesASSESSMENT: Windows SQL Server Database Design and Optimization STUDENT NAME:: RANJIT SINGH STUDENT ID :: 14112532 ASSESSOR NAME:: IMRAN SIDDIQUE DATE SUBMITTED:: 20/07/2015 SUBJECT:: ASSESSMENT (THEORY) Assessment: Task One Theoretical Questions Outcome 1 (1.1) Q1. Briefly explain following designing requirementsRead MoreDesign A Knowledge Management ( Km ) System For The Bank Of Greece2530 Words   |  11 Pageshow the bank should develop its culture and share knowledge within the organisation to improve its working environment. Knowledge creation methods and strategies for delivering the captured knowledge using a delivery interface are given. Further, KM roles and responsibilities are analysed to divide the workload within the organisation. The infrastructure requirements for establishing a virtual environment utilising information technology support are explained. Finally, the need for continuous performanceRead MoreReview Quesition20349 Words   |  82 PagesDATABASE SOLUTIONS (2nd Edition) THOMAS M CONNOLLY CAROLYN E BEGG SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1 Introduction- Review questions 1.1 List four examples of database systems other than those listed in Section 1.1. Some examples could be: †¢ A system that maintains component part details for a car manufacturer; †¢ An advertising company keeping details of all clients and adverts placed with them; †¢ A training company keeping course information and participants’Read MoreTypes Of Sap Hana Models10171 Words   |  41 Pagesdifferent models that can be created in SAP HANA. For each model type, the chapter defines the model in question, outlines the criteria for choosing it, and explains its benefits. 1.1 SAP HANA Database Engine Architecture SAP HANA is an in-memory technology platform that is deployable as an appliance or in the cloud. Its core is the SAP HANA database, which is built for high performance applications. It makes full use of the main memory and processing power provided by modern hardware. As relevant dataRead MoreInternet and Ebusiness Essay10788 Words   |  44 Pages4 1.2: Explain the benefits and barriers to businesses considering an online presence. Explain some of the benefits that Banknet from the case study will have by using an e-Business solution. 6 1.3: Assess the security and legislative issues facing an online business organization. 8 1.4: State the mode of communication available to an e-business and their applications. Suggest the type of communication Banknet can use to make it more users friendly. 10 2.1: Explain the internetRead MoreSpeech Recognition Essay7119 Words   |  29 Pagestechnology is that in any given instant, the picture on the screen is not the total image, but is instead rapidly alternating between images consisting of the individual red, green, and blue colors. Thus the eye and the brain play the last critical role in making single chip DLP projectors work, by combining or averaging or integrating the picture, so that the viewer perceives the desired image and not the rapidly flashing momentary components of the image.   A problem with DLP can also be light

Julius Caesar A Tragic Hero - 937 Words

Caesar the Great Julius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of noble stature, has a fatal flaw and comes to an unhappy end. Julius Caesar is the tragic hero because of his noble stature. The noble stature of Caesar is made evident through his position in society and his outstanding qualities. Caesars position in Rome was that of a dictator. At the start of the play Brutus enlightens the reader that â€Å".... the people/ choose Caesar for their king† (1.ii.77-78). When Brutus says â€Å"king† he is actually informing the audience the Caesar has been made dictator of Rome for life. At this time in Rome, the Roman society took pride in being republic. Therefore, electing Caesar as a dictator was a monumental event. A dictator was the most powerful position in Roman society. Indeed as a stated in Encyclopedia Britannica a dictator was a â€Å"a temporary magistrate with extraordinary powers† (dictator). Furthermore, as opposed to the usual six month term Caesar was appointed a life long term (dictator). WithShow MoreRelatedJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero934 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a work of art by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (novel study guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† ( novel study guide). It is very evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero given that he is of nobleRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero863 Words   |  4 PagesJulius Caesar is a well known piece of literature written by William Shakespeare in 1599. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy (who is) usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking† (Novel Study Guide). Also vital to defining a tragic hero is that, â€Å"the hero’s downfall is caused by a tragic flaw† (Novel Study Guide). It is evident that Julius Caesar in William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar is a tragic hero givenRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero1171 Words   |  5 PagesJulius Caesar Julius Caesar, the greatest war hero and most noble of all wanted to be praised by all Roman citizens wanted to achieve power to rule as a king. The play is set in ancient Rome in the year 44 B.C. when the Roman general Julius Caesar was almost ruler of the entire world at the highest point in his career. Within this play Julius Caesar is portrayed as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"the main character of a tragedy [who is] usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking†Read MoreJulius Caesar : A Tragic Hero849 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare is the story of ancient Rome during the time that Caesar took over. Caesar returns to Rome, after defeating the former leader, Pompey. Cassius and other conspirators convince Brutus, a nobleman, to join in on their plot against Caesar. Brutus and the others gather around Caesar, on the ides of March, to stab him. They stabbed Caesar 23 times and eventually he dies. Brutus takes over Rome, but followers of Caesar, Antony and Octavius, oppose BrutusRead MoreTragic Hero In Julius Caesar829 Words   |  4 Pages What is a tragic hero? A tragic hero is a person, of noble birth, with heroic potential but doomed by fate. The hero struggles against his fate but eventually fails because of a mistake or even a flaw. In Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, a character may come to mind and fit this definition, Marcus Brutus. In this play, Julius Caesar’s ambition for power drove the honorable Brutus to think negatively about Caesar’s position of being the king of Rome. The honorable Brutus shows hisRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Julius Caesar1793 Words   |  8 PagesAs Caesar dies, he gasps, â€Å"Et tu, Brute?† (III. i. 77). To betray a close friend for the better of the country only to have it end all in vain is a tragedy in its own. For Brutus, this is his journey in Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar. A lthough the play is named after Caesar, it is evident that Brutus is the tragic hero as the audience watches the events of the play unfold. Brutus’s characteristics and actions line up perfectly with Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero which statesRead More Julius Caesar - Tragic Hero Essay1028 Words   |  5 Pages Julius Caesar as a Tragic Hero amp;#9;Julius Caesar is a play written by William Shakespeare during the year 1597. Julius Caesar’s story involves a conspiracy against Julius Caesar, a powerful senator. The play involves a highly respected senator, Brutus, who decides to join the conspiracy to kill Julius Caesar, in the effort to keep democracy intact. Brutus believes that if Julius Caesar is allowed to live, Caesar will take a kingship and turn the government into a monarchy. Brutus, CassiusRead MoreJulius Caesar the True Tragic Hero1526 Words   |  7 Pagesonce said â€Å"A man doesn’t become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† These words best describe what a â€Å"Tragic Hero† is and both Julius Caesar and Brutus displayed this characteristic, so the question is â€Å"Who is the real tragic hero in this story?† This paper shall explore the reasons behind why each man is considered a hero in his own right and who the rightful owner to the title of the play truly belongs to. There have been countless tragic heroes in the works of William ShakespeareRead MoreJulius Caesar: The Quintessence of a Tragic Hero1156 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is the illustration of the demise of many respectable men. Typical of a tragedy, one character of high social standing experiences numerous downfalls brought on by a character flaw. This character is eventually brought to his or her knees by the misery and sorrow brought upon by these mistakes. It is at this point that the character realizes their flaws and changes their outlook. In Shakespeare’s tragedy, the tragic hero is Julius Caesar. In the play, ShakespeareRead MoreExamples Of Tragic Hero In Julius Caesar905 Words   |  4 Pagesman cannot become a hero until he can see the root of his own downfall.† By Shakespearean definition, a tragic hero is someone of high position such as a nobleman, who has hamartia, a tragic flaw that leads to his downfall, and even his demise. This is strongly illustrated in Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, where Marcus Brutus’ desire to remain noble and honourable leads him to naivety and self destruction. The plot of the play revolves around removing power from Caesar, causing the inability

Global strategic management Marketing Management

Question: Discuss about the Global strategic management for Marketing Management? Answer: Marketing Excellence- Apple From the case study of Apple, it is easy to conduct comparative advantage based upon the marketing excellence in an overall manner. Apple products launches electronic gadgets because high rate of innovation. This made Apple comparatively viable from its nearest competitors. This particular business has conduct transformation in the usage of phone by people. Apply products have large innovative skills and look from operational side as far as possible. As far as iPod is concerned, it made ways for other products in creation of medium priced products for music enthusiasts with great portability as well as mobility of music (Cattani, 2011). Apple received huge success after the launch of iPhone and mp3 players in unified device. Apple launches series of mobile for different generations and successful implementation of incremental innovation for the same. They keep customers anxious for the next release of the product. Apple establishes effective organization structure for enhancing the d evelopmental process and adoption of cross-functional teams. They use push and pull strategies for product accessibility and including multiple cultures on global scale (Henry, 2011). Comparative advantage of Apple includes continuous investment in research and development for keeping innovative products. Apple has mastered innovation and usage of genius marketing tactics. Marketing Excellence- Research in Motion Research in Motion defines its competitive advantage in connecting with the network and having information in accordance with industry standard. It constantly increases use of BlackBerry devices for the customers. BlackBerry comes under traditional mobile phones and investment for increased profitability in the near future (Hitt, Ireland Hoskisson, 2011). This particular business possesses strong growth possibility especially in foreign markets. They maintain intellectual property rights like protecting innovation and development of competing firms in an overall manner. RIM developed infrastructure for integrated minimization of capital expenditures for passing though the potential customers (Frynas Mellahi, 2011). References: Cattani, G. (2011).Project-based organizing and strategic management. Bingley, U.K.: Emerald. Frynas, J., Mellahi, K. (2011).Global strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Henry, A. (2011).Understanding strategic management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hitt, M., Ireland, R., Hoskisson, R. (2011).Strategic management. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Annotated Bibliography of its critique Essay Example

Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique Essay Wilson H. Kimnach, Caleb J.D. Maskell, and Kenneth P. Minkema, editors. Jonathan Edwards’s â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†: A Casebook. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2010. 204 pages. This book attempts to deconstruct the various dimensions of Jonathan Edwards’ famous sermon. In other words, it offers the social, historical and theological contexts for the sermon for the novice reader. Even for those practicing Christianity for a long time, the book offers key insights and asides with respect to the text in question. Included in the book are the authoritative/definitive version of the sermon; essays that tell how the sermon came about and place it in historical and theological context. It serves as a sampling of Edwards’ â€Å"theological, philosophical and personal writings to contextualize the sermon in the life and thought of the man; a number of contemporary and historical interpretations of the sermon; and a number of lesser devices (chronology, glossary, teaching ideas, and a brief list of suggested readings†. (Kimnach et. al. 12) We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jonathan Edwardss Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God: Annotated Bibliography of its critique specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Turley, Stephen Richard. â€Å"Awakened to the Holy: â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† in Ritualized Context.† Christianity and Literature 57.4 (2008): 507+. This journal article has a specific focus, namely to elucidate Jonathan Edwards’ sermon in the context of local history and Christian theology. In other words, the powerfully worded sermon was unusual at the time in which it was delivered. It struck awe among the listeners and induced them to introspect on their moral condition. The circumstances preceding the deliverance of the sermon are quite interesting. In the neighboring town of Suffield there was a renewal of Christian faith as evidenced from the addition of numerous communicants to the central parish there. This revival of Christianity spread to regions surrounding Suffield. It is in this context that â€Å"a number of clergy had banded together to stoke the fires of revival by instituting a series of weekday services, traveling back and forth between pious Suffield and impious Enfield†. (Turley 115) But nothing in the events leading up to the sermon would indicate the compelling logic and captivating imag ery compiled up by Edwards. The surprising fact is that Edwards was not erstwhile renowned for making voracious speeches. Rather his mode of sermonizing is thought to be controlled yet authoritative. In sum, the authorial team’s adoption of a ritual-theoretical approach â€Å"bridges the gap between the published text and the corporate setting of its original delivery in order to account for the sermon’s original efficacy.† (Turley 88) Attention is paid to the language of the pulpit and the psychological effects it has had on the audience. It is insightful of the authors to infer that â€Å"the language of the pulpit occupied the listener’s identity while the numinous experience evoked the need for a covering of one’s creaturely profaneness, thus providing experiential confirmation to the sermon’s content and Christ invitation. The divided self was resolved in the listener’s adoption of the pulpit’s paradigm for interpreting life and the embracing of a new unified corporate order in Christ that embodied that interpretation of life in song and prayer.† (Turley 89) Sang Hyun Lee (Editor), The Works of Jonathan Edwards: Writings on the Trinity, Grace, and Faith. The Works of Jonathan Edwards, vol. 21. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003. xii + 566 pp. The book offers a comprehensive survey of Jonathan Edwards’ religious literary output accompanied by useful notes and insightful critical commentary. Describing Edwards as ‘the greatest American philosopher’ in its introduction, the book goes on to support that claim through rigorous synthesis and assimilation of Edwards’ output. The book goes on to talk about some of the neglected facets to Edwards’ theological oeuvre. By adopting such an approach, the book critically re-appropriates his theology to the postmodern sensibility. For example, dimensions of Edwards’ output that garner attention include the influences of John Calvin, Francois Turretin and Petrus van Maastricht on the former. Also, the book explores Edwards’ Augustinianism in the backdrop of early Enlightenment thought. This is an interesting analytic angle, for the tone and style of the Sinners sermon goes against the grain of rationalism which is the essence of the E nlightenment. The endeavor of the compilers of this anthology is to offer scholarly perspectives that are different to the preceding works by Robert E. Brown and Gerald R. McDermott. The focus of the collection seems to be its juxtaposition of Christian dogma and the Enlightenment ethos. What the book also manages to showcase Edwards’ theology as more refined than is what is commonly believed. For all the negative publicity the fundamentalist streak in the sermon garners, Edwards understood God in surprisingly contemporary terms. For example, he sought to â€Å"comprehend the divine largely in terms of a relationship of love and of beauty that draws humanity to God.† (Lee 221) His conception of beauty, though, is a bit more conservative, in that, he measured it in terms of â€Å"proportion, symmetry, contrast, comparison, and by relations, an experience of beauty which he illustrated by discussing the harmonious and pleasurable music of a choir, natural phenomena such as color, and the relationships among the human senses.† (Lee 221) Jon Meacham, American Gospel: God, the Founding Fathers, and the Making of a Nation. New York: Random House, 2006. 416 pp. This collection of key religious texts and speeches in the short history of American Christianity is similar to the compilation by Sang Hyun Lee. This book is a kind of secular liberal version of Jerry Falwell’s Listen America (1980), filled throughout with quotes from ‘The Founders’. But where it fails is the inadequacy to fulfill this goal. For example, the quotes are usually torn off from their contexts and are mostly incomplete. Of all the Founders covered by Meacham, Jonathan Edwards is just one figure. Almost all of the tired liberal secular litany against Christianity is to be found in the book: â€Å"the â€Å"ferocity of evangelizing Christians† (p. 4); the â€Å"strangling† of religion by â€Å"extremism† (p. 5); a colonial America of â€Å"ambitious clergy† (p. 6); the â€Å"criminal† treatment of Native Americans by white settlers committed to converting them to Christianity (p. 45); the close-minded, bigoted, witch-burning, devil-obsessed Puritans (p. 46-54)-who persecuted women (especially that â€Å"devoted Puritan† Anne Hutchinson); the â€Å"African spiritual holocaust† by Christian slave traders and ministers (p. 45).† (Meacham)